The birth of the famous scientist Isaac Newton is an important event in physics and in the development of our modern understanding of the universe. Newton was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian and writer. Newton is considered one of the greatest mathematicians of all time, the most influential scientist and one of the most important figures of the Scientific Revolution. Newton’s Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica or Principia is one of the greatest and most groundbreaking works primarily in mechanics, mathematics and astronomy. Here he laid the foundations of Newtonian mechanics by formulating the laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation, deriving Kepler’s formulas of planetary motion using the formula of universal gravitation, and explaining tides and the orbits of comets. The application of this formula dispelled all doubts about the heliocentric model of the Solar System. Newton showed that the motion of objects, whether on earth or in the sky, can be explained by the same principles. Newton invented the first functional reflection telescope. In his most influential book, Opticks, he included the results of his research on light. Newton made important contributions to the discovery of calculus. Newton was a Fellow of Trinity College and Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge. The Queen of England Anne knighted Newton. He spent the last three decades of his life in London, first as Warden and Master of the Royal Mint and later as President of the Royal Society. The present book discusses the universe from the beginnings of astronomy to Ptolemy, Copernicus, Bruno, Somayaji, Brahe, Kepler and Galileo, and the place of Newton’s research and Principia in its background and English translations are discussed.